1995 Case Definition* Clinical Description Signs and symptoms are variable; however, most patients experience fever. Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale spp. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. P. ovale infections misidentified as P. vivax malaria by the microscopic method were frequent and led to underreported P. ovale cases. The molecular identification of P. ovale malaria in endemic areas is needed because a higher rate of P. ovale misidentification was found in endemic or indigenous cases than in imported cases. All patients with microscopy-diagnosed malaria during December 2007–November 2009 were recorded from a prospective laboratory register, and those with P. malariae monoinfection or mixed infections were identified. Langford S, Douglas NM, Lampah DA, et al. Download Full PDF Package. Public Health Case Study 2: Malaria in Pennsylvania Plasmodium species found in patient PH-2. As a result, P. malariae will be a very difficult species to eradicate. … Plasmodium malariae. Review of the literature showed only one study reporting resistance of Plasmodium malariae to chloroquine in cases which failed to clear the parasite from blood during Entomology; Research output: Contribution to journal › … Learn malaria with free interactive flashcards. Only these four species of Plasmodium were only considered in indigenous malaria. In addition, a variant form of P. malariae which has a deletion of 19 bp and seven substitutions of base pairs in the target sequence of the small-subunit … This child had received blood transfusion from three donors and a week later started developing malaria like symptoms. Case study of malaria 1. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria causes severe disease in up to 10% of cases in Malaysian Borneo and has a mortality rate of 1 - 2%. The authors report the first indigenous case of Plasmodium ovale infection from Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the disease occurring in a patient infected with Plasmodium malariae. CASE REPORT PLASMODIUM MALARIAE-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD, LIVER, STOMACH AND DUODENUM: AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY Emsri Pongponratn1, Oranan Prommano1,3, Urai Chaisri1, Parnpen Viriyavejakul1 and Polrat Wilairatana2,4 1Department of Tropical Pathology, 2Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, The five protozoa plasmodium endo-parasite species that result in malaria disease in human hosts are: Falciparum, Vivax, Malariae, Ovale and Knowlesi – a particular cause of 70% of malarial cases in Southeast Asia. With increased global travel, unique diseases from different parts of the world pose a new category of differential diagnosis, and an incubation period of different infectious diseases helps narrow differential diagnosis to point to one specific etiology. Due to discrepant PCR and microscopy results, we aimed to optimize our detection assays for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale by sequencing the 18S rRNA region and developing a … Clinical symptoms in two cases were mild but in another case was rather severe. Lancet Infect Dis . Malaria and lupus anticoagulant: a case study and review Catherine Ronayne Abstract A young woman with a history of Plasmodium falciparum and schistosomiasis presented with anaemia and thrombocytopenia. A 49-year-old man from Pennsylvania receives 4 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) on January 15 while undergoing hip replacement surgery. "There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P. vivax – pose the greatest threat. Untreated Strengths and limitations of this study. CASE PRESENTATION: Two young, healthy Tanzanian men infected with low density asexual blood stage P. malariae diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are described. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the disease occurring in a patient infected with Plasmodium malariae. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has an application that allows people to view specific parts of the world and how they are affected by Plasmodium vivax, and other types of the Plasmodium parasite. It can be found at the following link: http://cdc.gov/malaria/map/index.html . Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite; intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium (e.g., P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae among other species). Acalculous cholecystitis has been shown to occur in the context of malarial infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. We investigated this outbreak and found that the index case could be traced to an Indonesian migrant worker employed in the logging industry. The patient had neither been outside of the country nor ever received blood transfusions. 3.2. The number of cases of Plasmodium species discordance (P. knowlesi as P. malariae) as identified by microscopy and the number of P. knowlesi cases identified by PCR were used to analyse the pooled prevalence of the misidentification of P. knowlesi as P. malariae. Public Health Case Study 1: Malaria in Florida Palm Beach County, Florida In Palm Beach County, Florida, during the summer of 2003 a cluster of eight cases of malaria was detected. This case report highlights the transfusion-transmitted malaria of Plasmodium vivax in a child diagnosed with germ cell tumour. This parasite is the protozoan called plasmodium. Background The Greater Mekong Subregion is aiming to achieve regional malaria elimination by 2030. Results: Analysis of 2701 blood samples collected from the China-Myanmar border by nested PCR targeting the parasite SSU rRNA genes identified 561 malaria cases, including 161 Plasmodium falciparum, 327 P. vivax, 66 P. falciparum/P. The normal incubation period of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is 7-40 days. Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale infections in the China-Myanmar border area. 1932;67:301-20. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. Case presentation A case of PCR-confirmed P. malariae recurrence in a 52-year old Italian man was observed 5 months after a primary attack. We report the first case of AAC occur-ring in the context of P. malariae infection. Retrospective clinical case series study in 2017 identifies Plasmodium knowlesi as most frequent Plasmodium species in returning travellers from Thailand to Germany. Plasmodium malariae, oneof the four predominant causes of human malaria, is a case where the species-speci ficity, or lack thereof, has been frequentlydisputed. P. malariae can be maintained at very low infection rates among a sparse and mobile population because unlike the other Plasmodium parasites, it can remain in a human host for an extended period of time and still remain infectious to mosquitoes. Only 3 cases of mixed malaria infections were diagnosed. Abstract. 51 , 200–210 (2014). Blood parasites of the Haemosporida order, such as the Plasmodium spp. 40% of the world population lives in malaria zone. There are five parasite species (Plasmodium, falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae) that cause malaria in humans, and two of these species, P. falciparum and … species and it is still unknown which is the mechanism underlying the long latency of this Plasmodium. For P. falciparum malaria, day 42 efficacy in FY2018 was 92.4% (n = 249), in FY2019 93.3% (n = 379), and in FY2020 98.0% (n = 167). Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of non-falciparum malaria, including Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp., is increasing, with some complications in infected individuals. Found worldwide, it causes a so-called "benign malaria", not nearly as dangerous as that produced by P. falciparum or P. vivax. A presumptive case of naturally occurring Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in man in Malaysia. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. The background incidence is 60 cases per year (Florida) and 10 cases per year (Palm Beach County). The study was designed to gain insights into treatment responses when AL was distributed to parasitaemic children in a community-based setting (unsupervised treatment), rather than as a carefully controlled standard efficacy trial. Updates on malaria incidence and profile in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. It can persist in the human host for years, often without causing significant symptoms. We report a case of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae coinfection with associated failure of clinical response to artemether + lumefantrine therapy. A diagnosis of Plasmodium ovale malaria … Transmission of endemic malaria in Haiti has been reported to be restricted to P. falciparum; the last cases of P. vivax were reported in 1983 and the last case of P. malariae in 1963 (1,2,4,5). CASE PRESENTATION: A case of PCR-confirmed P. malariae recurrence in a 52-year old Italian man was observed 5 months after a primary attack. Additional file 1: Figure S1. Malaria causes between 300 and 500 million clinical episodes worldwide and 0.5 to 3 million deaths annually, disproportionately affecting immune naïve children under the age of 5 years living in sub-Saharan Africa. vivax mixed infections, 4 P. malariae and 3 P. ovale spp. The only species found in the dry season was Plasmodium falciparum. are also present and clinical manifestations caused by these infections are not well described. Of the five Plasmodium parasites responsible for the disease in humans (Plasmo-dium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ma-lariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi), only P. falciparum and P. vivax have so far been asso-ciated with AAC. Although microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, molecular detection using PCR is becoming increasingly popular. Methods We conducted cross-sectional screening and detection of all Plasmodium species malaria cases, which were nested within a longitudinal prospective study, and an ex vivo assessment of efficacy of a panel of antimalarials against P. malariae and Plasmodium … The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. PDF | Background: malaria is a serious problem in the Amazonas state, especially in areas near forests. Froeschl G, Nothdurft HD, von Sonnenburg F, et al. Plasmodium ovale is one of the five Plasmodium species that can infect humans, namely: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. knowlesi, … Presse Med 1992; 21:1386. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the malaria prevalence and disease burden due to P. malariae and P. ovale spp. Here, we present a descriptive study on the epidemiology of malaria in Malaysia from 2000 through 2018. Apparently, the infections of P. falciparum were the most prevalent in age groups below 16 … The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of malaria cases due to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Batu town, Oromia, Ethiopia. There are two other malaria parasites, which don’t receive much attention, P.malariae and P.olvale . Thailand is a major destination for German travellers with more than 760,000 arrivals in 2015. Case presentation We report the first case of acalculous cholecystitis associated with Plasmodium malariae in a 59-year-old male Nepalese ex-Gurkha soldier. Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Pursat province, western Cambodia: a parasite clearance rate study. The patient was a 44-yr-old ... rMAL1/rMAL2 for P. malariae, and rOVA1/ … Prevalence of Plasmodium Parasites in the Donor Blood Units. In our large hospital database, one in 200 children under the age of 5 … Malaria is caused by six Plasmodium species: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale curtisi, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi. Plasmodium malariae is the only human malaria parasite species with a 72-hour intraerythrocytic cycle and the ability to persist in the host for life. 3 to 700 Million people get malaria each year. Why this Case was Significantly Important as an Emerging Infection (Image not from this patient.) Malaria zones are Africa,India,Middle East, Southeast Asia, Central and South America and Eastern Europe. A prospective study on adult patients of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and mixed infection from Bikaner, northwest India. This outbreak was unusual, as it was found to be caused by P. malariae, an often-benign human malaria parasite rarely seen in Malaysia. Hussin N, Lim YA, Goh PP, et al. Methods and Findings We did a longitudinal study of the inhabitants of Dielmo village, Senegal, between June, 1990, and December, … In particular, the number of cases of Plasmodium ovale spp. The authors concluded that there was evidence for a local transmission of P ovale malaria in Bangladesh. Antimalarial medicines can also be used to prevent malaria. For travellers, malaria can be prevented through chemoprophylaxis, which suppresses the blood stage of malaria infections, thereby preventing malaria disease. It is one of several species of Plasmodium parasites that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malarial infection. P ovale malaria should therefore … It is a parasite that enters the blood. The authors report the first indigenous case of Plasmodium ovale infection from Bangladesh. Nevertheless, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still a major case of elimination. However, laboratory markers with the ability to identify patients at risk of developing complications have not yet been assessed as … At the same time, malaria is a concern in travel recommendations with regard to this destination. Additionally, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. MALARIA CASE REPORT—CDPH 8657—Page 2 of 2 Malaria (Plasmodium spp.) 11 In addition, there is evidence from some settings that P. malariae transmission remained or increased while P. falciparum decreased. However, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species. Title: (13.) Plasmodium falciparum recurrences … Ind Med Gaz. Objectives To evaluate Plasmodium malariae susceptibility to current and lead candidate antimalarial drugs. Michaud E, Ninet J, Coppère B, et al. The first two species cause the most infections worldwide. Acalculous cholecystitis has been shown to occur in the context of malarial infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. CASE REPORT We describe a case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to P. malariae from an asymptomatic donor attended in a private blood bank in the city of Sao Paulo. In the liver sporozoites will form pre erythrocytic schizont and eacbh mature schizont contains about 12.000 merozites in case of P.vivax and 40.000 in case of P.falciparum . In addition to fever, common associated symptoms include headache, back pain, chills, sweats, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cough. Malaria may be a serious complication of blood transfusion due to the asymptomatic persistence of parasites in some donors. A Case of Imported Plasmodium ovalemalaria There have been reports in Korea of imported malaria cases of four Plasmodium ... in this study was a member of the classic type group. The Plasmodium species identified were P. falciparum (n = 93), P. ovale (n = 12), P. vivax (n = 9), and P. malariae (n = 1). The World Malaria Report of 2016 mentions only P. falciparum and P. vivax as prevalent species for Thailand, however, P. knowlesi infections have been occasionally reported in Thailand. Plasmodium malariae is the most neglected of the six human malaria species and it is still unknown which is the mechanism underlying the long latency of this Plasmodium. Two studies investigated longitudinal prevalence of Plasmodium ovale spp and Plasmodium malariae (ie, non-falciparum) malaria in Africa. Laboratory markers of disease severity in Plasmodium knowlesi infection: a case control study. Untreated Plasmodium malariae infection can persist >40 years and remain relatively asymptomatic. Human malaria infection is caused by four protozoa species of the genus Plasmodium. Of the 380 donor blood units screened, 5/380 (1.3%) carried Plasmodium parasites. The earlier treatment apparently did not include primaquine, thus allowing the persistence of hypnozoites which caused this relapse. This study design will allow identification of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria risk factors, at-risk groups and case clustering, while controlling for the large number of human exposure variables related to complex monkey host and mosquito vector transmission dynamics.. As P. knowlesi malaria can be acquired by all demographics, the selection of … Abstract. Transmission of endemic malaria in Haiti has been reported to be restricted to P. falciparum; the last cases of P. vivax were reported in 1983 and the last case of P. malariae in 1963 (1,2,4,5). The plasmodium parasite can also be transmitted by blood products like unclean needles or unscreened blood. The first symptoms – fever, headache, and chills – may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria. A case–control study that was conducted as part of operational research efforts to identify risk factors for P. falciparum offered an opportunity to test for the presence of non-falciparum malaria species. Amaratunga C, Sreng S, Suon S, et al. Answer to Case #49. The study site is whole Malaysia. Download PDF. We present a case of a P. malariae infection with clinical recrudescence after directly observed administration of artemether/lumefantrine. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the disease occurring in a patient infected with Plasmodium malariae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Plasmodiumspecies was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays at the Malaria Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, as described previously Only patients with PCR-confirmed single-species infection with P. knowlesiwere included in the study. Retrospective Case Review. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites.The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors. This paper. PCR assays for Plasmodium species falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae were negative and because of history of travel and parasite morphology similar to P. malariae, a blood sample was sent for testing for P. knowlesi PCR and was positive. Indigenous populations living in these areas are... | Find, read and cite all … This is the first PCR confirmed case of Plasmodium malariae to be reported from Bangladesh. Background Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical Africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and extent of malaria infection on islands in Lake Victoria of Kenya to aid in designing new interventions for malaria elimination. In the interval between the two observed episodes of malaria the patient denied any further stay Fong YL, Cadigan FC, Coatney GR. The first study, by Roucher and colleagues, was a longitudinal study that investigated non-falciparum malaria in a village in … and Plasmodium malariae significantly increased, which resulted in increased risks during the malaria elimination phase. The suite of Plasmodium assays achieved analytical sensitivities ranging from 2•5-18•8 parasites per reaction when tested against laboratory strain genomic DNA. Plasmodium malariae is a parasitic protozoan that causes malaria in humans. By two PCR-based diagnostic methods, Plasmodium malariae infections have been rediscovered at two foci in the Sichuan province of China, a region where no cases of P. malariae have been officially reported for the last 2 decades. Plasmodium malariae Infection Associated with a High Burden of Anemia: A Hospital-Based Surveillance Study. The cases in Central Kalimantan were the frst fnding of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria cases in the province. Contrary to the national report, in Adama City out of 6862 malaria cases reported from OPD data from 2013/14 to 2017/18 in retrospective study, 61% … One such outbreak occurred in 2019 in a village in northern Sabah. Plasmodium malariae is the most neglected of the six human malaria species and it is still unknown which is the mechanism underlying the long latency of this Plasmodium. Euro Surveill 2018; 23. Retrospective analysis of collected and stored blood samples revealed that the two volunteers had constant asexual blood stage parasitaemia for more than 4 months. Balbir Singh. 1. This was a case of malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae.Diagnostic features observed on the baby's blood smear were: a somewhat oval gametocyte with diffuse pigment (Figure A).a developing trophozoite with coarse pigment and a large chromatin mass (Figure B).a developing trophozoite with coarse pigment and a large chromatin mass (Figure C). Of the 5 donor blood units that had Plasmodium parasites, a majority (4/5) had Plasmodium falciparum, while only one had Plasmodium malariae parasites. When compared to real-time PCR, the P. falciparum assay achieved 94% sensitivity and 94% specificity during testing of 123 clinical samples. Garnham PCC. . (12.) The proportion of patients with outcomes recorded at day 42 for P. falciparum malaria and at day 28 for P. vivax malaria has been increasing, with FY2020 follow-up rates of 61.5% and 57.2%, respectively. (a) Pre erythrocytic schizogony – This phase will start in the liver . Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale can similarly cause malaria several months or years after the original infection, by reactivation of dormant liver stage parasites. Malaria is an acute febrile illness. Clinical episodes caused by P. malariae infections are often characterized by a relatively mild illness with a low number of parasites, which can persist for long periods. In a non-immune individual, symptoms usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite. Background: Plasmodium malariae is the most neglected of the six human malaria species and it is still unknown which is the mechanism underlying the long latency of this Plasmodium. cases of recrudescence of Plasmodium malariae have been reported a er almost all types of antimalarial medications like quinine, chloroquine, me oquine, and artesunates [ , , ]. This case highlights the need to consider co-infection in the setting of apparent treatment failure and the impact of mixed species infection upon host dynamics and clinical presentation. Choose from 500 different sets of malaria flashcards on Quizlet. Case presentation: A case of PCR-confirmed P. malariae recurrence in a 52-year old Italian man was observed 5 months after a primary attack. Plasmodium malariae is known to cause extended periods of latency; one case in Greece had a latency of more than 40 years (and possibly as long as 70 years). If not treated within 24 hours, P. Case Report 72 Med J Malaysia Vol 68 No 1 February 2013 2,3,4; among patients with falciparum malaria, gastroscopy findings have demonstrated a high incidence of gastritis 5. Plasmodium vivax does occur in Pakistan, where it is found in slightly more than 50% of malaria cases. Results. The woman in this case probably was infected in DR Congo more than 2 years before delivery. EXAMINATION OF INCIDENCE OF MALARIA WEFESTATION CAUSED BY DIFFERNET SPECIES OF PLASMODIUM IN ENUGU METROPOLIC (A CASE STUDY OF PARKLANE HOSPITAL ENUGU) ABSTRACT The incidence of the infestation of plasmodium species (P.Falciparum, P. Vivax, P.Ovale, and P. alaria) which causes human malaria in Enugu metropolis was conducted at Parklane Hospital … J. Vector Borne Dis. BY LAIBA SARWAR 2. It is the study of the group of organisms that infect humans that could lead to new drugs that may be more readily available, easier to produce, cheaper, or that can combat drug-resistant strains (WHO). Plasmodium malariae infection is relatively uncommon in Papua, Indonesia but is associated with significant morbidity from anemia and a similar risk of mortality to patients hospitalized with P. falciparum and P. vivax infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004195. The cycle lasts for 8 days in plasmodium vivax , , 6 days in plasmodium falciparum and 9 days in plasmodium oval . The history suggests a relapse of P. vivax malaria, following an earlier episode five weeks ago. Of the 136 donor blood units from female donors, 01 (0.79%) had Plasmodium parasites … Plasmodium prevalence rate was 0.26% and 0.06% respectively in the dry season (n = 4642) and in the wet season (n = 4671). ... Malaysia: association with reporting as Plasmodium malariae and delayed parenteral artesunate. The authors concluded that there was evidence for a local transmission of P ovale malaria in Bangladesh. Plasmodium malariae can infect several species of mosquito and can cause malaria in humans. In the rainy season, rates were 0.04% (2/4671) and 0.02% (1/4671) respectively for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum. (11.) However, there is a lack of molecular investigation of haemosporidian parasites of wildlife, such as the genus Polychromophilus. Peipei Li, Zhenjun Zhao, Hua Xing, Wenli Li, Xiaotong Zhu, Yaming Cao, Zhaoqing Yang, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Guiyun Yan, Qi Fan, Liwang Cui. 1971;65:839-40. Knowlesi malaria 3disproportionately affects older people compared to other malaria species, and these patients are [Nephrotic syndrome caused by Plasmodium malariae infection. Additional patients, for whom conditions had been diagnosed by microscopy as caused by other Plasmodium species but were identified as P. … A short summary of this paper. Symptoms of Plasmodium malariae. Plasmodium ovale is one of the five Plasmodium species that can infect humans, namely: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. knowlesi, … Phylogenetic tree inferred from CSP nucleotide sequence alignment obtained from P. malariae isolates analyzed in the present study (Isolate PM 14-12-17; Isolate PM 05-05-17) and from 12 representative CSP gene sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax co-exists, accounting for 60 and 40% of all malaria cases, respectively [ 15 ]. were Plasmodium malariae (Laveran) and Plasmodium falciparum (Welch), the latter species being the most prevalent (86.2%). The malaria elimination programs are focused on this parasite, which has been resourced to P.vivax . We diagnosed and analysed infecting malaria species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale curtisi, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri, and Plasmodium malariae) via PCR in clinical samples collected between March 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2016, from six hospitals located in different regions of Kenya.We recruited patients aged 6 months or older who presented at outpatient … A study of monkey-malaria and its experimental transmission to man. A case of PCR-confirmed P. malariae recurrence in a 52-year old Italian man was … A case with favourable outcome]. P.malariae wasalmostcertainlythe firstmalariapar-asite ever observed by Charles Laveran, who won the Nobel Prize for dis-covering the cause of malaria (Coatney et al., 1971). An epidemiological case study in Malaria Deaths in India Wilson Suraweera ... Plasmodium falciparum - Responsible for causing malignant ... Plasmodium malariae - This is the rarest of the malaria parasites but when it is contracted it can cause benign Malariae. Author Summary Plasmodium malariae is a relatively rare, but widely distributed, cause of malaria. The case definitions for classification of malaria are given in Table 1 [].Human malaria was defined as malaria caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax.
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